Do multiple (permanent) links from the same blog help with Page Rank more than just one link from the site? Or does Google simply count the links as coming from one domain and thus count it as one referral?

All links will add to the PageRank but the effect will probably be minute, and as PageRank is a very small factor in ranking the difference is likely to be negligible.

Multiple links from a page helps and the calculation is not as simple but the example will help

If I have 10 sweets to distribute among n people then as n increase the amount of sweets goes low but if one person is nominated more than once it should hold more share than the person holding one.