There are (at least) 2 very important points to consider: - You know how to use it properly (familiar with its package management tools, security schemes etc.)
- The OS version installed will be stable and supported by the OS vendor for a reasonable period of time (relative to your project)
CentOS is a repackaged version of an "upstream vendor"'s Linux distro (Red Hat Enterprise Linux), and support for each major version lasts for a number of years. Since its binary compatible with RHEL, it means the vast number of resources (RPM's and tutorials etc.) are equally applicable to CentOS as well. These are some of the main reasons why it has such popularity within hosting - where of course stability (i.e. not needing to re-install the OS, or conduct a major version upgrade) is a key factor.
Another popular but less sensible option is Fedora (effectively Red Hat's development branch). This receives frequent updates but is really a "bleeding edge" OS by design - hence not really a good choice if (service) stability and security are your foremost concerns...
Debian/Ubuntu are also popular options (although less so), with Ubuntu derived from Debian, again there is a certain amount of compatibility between them (e.g. you can install .deb packages on Ubuntu). In the case of Ubuntu, they offer an LTS and a regular version. The LTS release is supported for a long period of time (hence LTS: Long Term Support) in a similar manner to RHEL/CentOS, so this makes it potentially a good choice for hosting. The regular version runs on a 6 month release cycle, so in this case it's probably not a good option... but some still use it for hosting of course.
In terms of resource usage, this mainly comes down to what you install, and how you compile/configure it. There isn't a huge amount of difference between many of the linux flavours with respect to the underlying system - it's the management utilities (service/user/package/security etc.) which are the main differentiators in day-to-day usage.
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